Heuristics

linking material availability with capacity aspects

The "PPC" production planning cockpit, which is completely integrated in SAP, works in capacity planning with pragmatic and easily adaptable heuristics that reconcile restrictions such as material availability and machine capacity.

The PPC heuristics

ITeanova’s heuristics (and heuristics in general) aim to achieve a very good (almost optimal) planning result through a pragmatic planning approach that has been proven in practice. They are largely based on industry-specific approaches to finding solutions (e.g. sequencing based on the colours used in the printing industry). The PPC heuristics functionality can be flexibly configured and adapted to new scenarios. Special customer-specific requirements can be added at strategically important points in coding without modification (user exit).

The decisive factor for an efficient and above all feasible production plan is the simultaneous consideration of the two most important factors:

Material Availability

  • Raw materials must be available in time for production.
  • Assemblies must be manufactured and processed on time.
  • The customer should receive his ordered products on the agreed date.

Capacity Planning

  • Machines, personnel and other bottlenecks must not be overloaded, but an appropriate workload must be ensured.
  • Production rules must be observed, e.g. the sequence of operations.

Material availability can be determined in different ways



Heuristics 1


In addition to material availability, there may be other restrictions that must be taken into account for a feasible production plan:


Heuristics 2

Restrictions in Planning

Machine

  • Machine Availability
  • Runtimes
  • Multi use resource

Production Steps

  • Machine Availability
  • Runtimes
  • Multi use resource

Grouping

  • in sequence
  • with overlap
  • parallel
  • buffers

Personnel

  • not all personnel can operate with all machines and execute all operations

Production Tools

  • e.g. catalyst, pressing tool, extrusion tool

Work in Progress

  • max. WIP: restricted space
  • min. WIP: guarantee material provision


Point system


Example of a heuristics that aims to achieve the best possible sequence over several resources:

  • A point system is used to compare different criteria with adjustable priorities. The most suitable order is placed in the best position. This happens during scheduling and is carried out anew after each order is scheduled.

The following criteria might be taken into account:

  • Delays to the required date
  • Possible gap time on the resource, setup time and resource priority
First Point System Second Point System
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Optimisation Criteria


  • Close to being late
  • Dispatched too early
  • Gap time
  • Delay
  • Resource priority
  • Setup time



Optimisation Criteria Screen

Example

Multi-level propagation top-down and, in case of error, reversal (bottom-up) using the example of parts for an e-bike.

Example of a heuristics for finding reliable delivery dates, that carries out a multi-level planning - in this case starting from the components upwards to the finished products - taking into account the available machine capacities.

The heuristics for multi-level planning can also consist of several steps, e.g. the downwards planning starting from customer requirements and if problems occur, reversing to upwards planning starting from the components.

Heuristics Example 1


Heuristics Example 2



The quality of a production plan

In general, the following criteria can be used to assess the quality of a production plan:

Image 1
SETUP TIME
  • minimization of setup
  • minimization of setup save

Image 2
SMOOTHING
  • load distribution over time and resources

Image 3
RESOURCE LOAD/GAPLESS
  • minimization gaps
  • concentration of load on special resources

Image 4
JUST-IN-TIME
  • close to due date
  • avoid stock

The following features of the ITeanova heuristics are particularly noteworthy:

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